Humans and wildlife have been crossing paths and competing for resources for as long as both have existed. However, these interactions are growing more common and increasingly detrimental to the wellbeing of both. Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a pressing issue that threatens both the survival of elephants and the safety and livelihoods of communities living alongside them. As the world grapples with the impacts of climate change, habitat loss, and population growth, the need for effective policies and advocacy has never been more critical. Human-elephant conflict is commonly caused by elephants raiding crops, destroying property, or, in more severe cases, injuring or killing people. These behaviors are responses to external stressors (typically caused by humans), including the fragmentation of their habitats. Such incidents can lead to retaliatory actions against elephants, further endangering their populations.

Effective policy-making is a crucial part in successfully addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by HEC. Policies that focus on habitat conservation, land-use planning, and community involvement are key to reducing conflicts. For example, the International Fund for Animal Welfare’s (IFAW) “Room to Roam” initiative is a policy-driven effort aimed at securing and connecting habitats across critical areas in East and Southern Africa to reduce overall encounters with human populations to minimize conflict. Spreading awareness is also essential in seeking solutions because when communities are engaged in conservation efforts and have access to sustainable livelihoods, they are less likely to encroach on elephant habitats, reducing the likelihood of conflict. Advocacy plays a pivotal role in raising awareness about HEC and influencing policy decisions. By highlighting the importance of coexistence and the need for sustainable development practices, advocacy efforts can drive the adoption of policies that protect both elephants and human communities.